Suchergebnisse

The aim of the article is to discuss the main methodological issues concerning the measurement of social benefits resulting from legal and civic counselling. A critical resumption of the existing practice of macroeconomic valuation of the counselling effects was conducted and a preliminary analysis of the demand-driven benefits for Poland was carried out in the article. Methodological considerations were illustrated by a case of domestic violence, specifying all possible paths of reactions to the problem along with financial consequences of such reactions. The first attempt was made to present the measurement of the legal counselling benefits using an algorithm, pointing to all the circumstances that should be considered when quantifying such benefits. On the basis of the existing — not free from certain shortcomings indicated in the article — estimates of benefits and costs of free legal counselling systems, it can be clearly stated that social benefits significantly outweigh the costs connected with the functioning of such systems.

This article aims to identify the factors affecting the operating costs
of an institutionalized system of free legal guidance system (Act of 5 August
2015 on free legal assistance and legal education) and to attempt to quantify of
them on the basis of heterogeneous data obtained from different studies or research.
Presented analytical procedure is an exemplification of the costs resulting
from the implementation of legislation for the normalization of the scope of
the public distribution using subjective (survey) and objective data (official statistics).
The presented methodology of cost analysis allows to obtain more detailed
legal arrangements relating to the implementation and functioning of the
reformed system of legal and civil guidance. The article contains suggestions
proposing solutions differing from those implemented by the act of 5 August
2015, in terms of financing the reformed system's operation. This method may
therefore be useful for the analysis of alternative reform options, resulting from
its consequences for public finances.

The article presents estimates of the costs of the current, free legal and civil guidance system in Poland. Due to the lack of hard data the author proposes his original measurement procedure. He specifies two valuation methods: quasi-market and quasi-fiscal. According to the first of them, the public costs of the functioning of the informal legal and civil guidance system totaled 540 million PLN in 2012. This figure was obtained on the basis of information on the total number of granted advices and their distribution by difficulty or time-consuming. In the other method, depending on the availability of data and the specifics of the legal and civil donors' advices, three variants of the measurement are proposed. The total cost of the quasi-budget procedurę amounted to 514 million PLN. The obtained result is therefore close to the size of the resulting method quasi-market, which seems to strengthen the reliability of the analysis. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that public expenditure for the functioning of non-institutionalized legal and civic assistance system is not lower than 500 million PLN per year.

The article quantifies impact of total factor productivity (TFP) on the long term economic growth in Poland in years 1970–2005. The Wharton method was applied to estimate the TFP value (cleaned of short term fluctuations) which, next, was made function of adequate supply factors including social, demographical as well as institutional considerations. A gradation of particular variables explaining effective TFPs equations was purposely not conducted assuming that their importance for secular growth should be fixed in empirical surveys. To estimate structure parameters of the TFP equation the "from a whole to a detail" modeling strategy was applied. Fourteen indirect factors of a GDP growth were identified and analyzed.

The article contents a review of aggregated index indicators used for measuring and monitoring transformation from tradition to the knowledge based economies. The partial indicator set used by Australian Bureau of Statistics as a point of reference for similar subject analyses is mentioned in this study. A methodology and basic characteristics of seven composite measures (Fagerberg's indicator, technological development index, national index of innovation potential, indicator of investment in intelligent economy, intelligent economy functionality index, aggregated innovation index and general science and technology indicator) are discussed in the article. The author followed directives of European Commission as well as international reviews to select these measures.

The paper presents a proposal of the gamma distribution model generating total live birth quantity as well as by the mother's age. Parameters of the gamma distribution became function of adequate social and economic as well as demographic factors. Consequently, partial fertility coefficients were made to depend on external considerations. The variance of the theoretical fertility coefficient was explained to determine birth quantity (total and by mother's age). Due to appearance of few potential adequate regressors, the regression method was used for the estimation of structural parameters. The sampling covered the years 1970–2005.

The aim of the study is to identify and quantify the influence of factors determining the reaction to the occurrence of a legal problem. On the basis of literature review, a list of such factors was prepared and, subsequently, on the basis of data from the national survey conducted by the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) in Warsaw in 2012, structural parameters of the multinomial logit model were estimated. The research presents that a decision on the legal problem depends primarily on the type of experienced issue, its importance, attitudes towards law and several other socio-economic features which influenced people. Moreover, the research outcomes show that reductions in demand for legal counselling caused by the low income are not significant, whereas, spatial availability appears to be a more important barrier.

"W publikacji zaprezentowano wyniki badań podjętych w ramach projektu Narodowego Centrum Nauki pt. "Determinanty rozwoju polskiej gospodarki w XXI wieku. Analiza empiryczna i projekcje na podstawie systemu modeli makroekonomicznych". Omówiono podstawowe zjawiska i procesy, które ujawniły się w polskiej gospodarce w XXI wieku oraz uzupełniono je projekcjami pokazującymi ich możliwy wpływ na przyszły rozwój gospodarczy Polski. W szczególności zostały przybliżone skutki prognozowanych zmian struktury demograficznej, postępu technologicznego i wzrostu kapitału wiedzy w gospodarce, pogłębiania procesu globalizacji przejawiającego się w zmianach intensywności i struktury polskiego handlu zagranicznego, a także zmian struktur powiązań międzysektorowych na rynkach finansowych. W poszczególnych wariantach symulacyjnych przedstawiono potencjalne zmiany na rynku pracy, zmiany dotyczące struktury i poziomu popytu finalnego, zmiany w procesie produkcji i cyrkulacji dochodów w gospodarce oraz zmiany popytu na instrumenty finansowe i ich podaży na rynkach finansowych. Polska gospodarka wykazuje cechy typowe dla rozwiniętych gospodarek europejskich, dlatego przeprowadzona analiza zjawisk i procesów w niej zachodzących ma charakter uniwersalny."--